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Theory of Operation

- 28 - IQ SERIES OWNERS MANUAL

5.2 Battery Charger Operation

The IQ Series' Battery Charger incorporates an automatic, three-stage charger. This design enables the

unit to automatically charge batteries, maintaining the battery's integrity and reducing the likelihood of

premature failure. The battery charger is designed to be used with lead-acid type batteries including

sealed and gel types, but not for nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cad) or nickel-iron types.

There are three automatic charge stages; Bulk, Absorption, and Float.

Bulk Charge Stage

The Bulk Charge Stage (fixed current) provides a fixed charging current for rapid charging of the

battery bank. The charger output current is adjustable in 8-Amp steps (4-Amp steps on 24-Volt

systems), up to the maximum charger rating, to match the charging requirements of the battery.

The Bulk Stage is initiated when the battery will accept the charging amps selected. As the

battery accepts charge the battery voltage will rise to the charger's Bulk Voltage value, 14.4 VDC

for flooded batteries, or 14.1 VDC for gel batteries (on 24-Volt systems 28.8 and 28.2

respectively). When battery voltage reaches the Bulk Voltage Value the Bulk Charging Stage is

complete. At this point, the battery is approximately 80-percent charged.

Absorption Charge Stage

During Absorption Charge Stage (fixed voltage), the charger's output voltage remains fixed at the

Bulk Charge value and the output current will decrease as the battery becomes fully charged. The

Absorption Stage ends after twenty minutes and the charger advances to the Float Stage.

Float/Maintenance Charge Stage

When the charger enters Float Stage, its output voltage is reduced to the float voltage value 13.2

VDC for flooded batteries, or 13.6 VDC for gel batteries (on 24-Volt systems 26.4 and 27.2 VDC

respectively). This setting is sufficient to keep the battery charged, but not so high as to boil or

over-charge the batteries. The charger will remain in Float Stage until the battery will accept the

Bulk Charge Output Amps selected.

Equalization Cycle

This manually initiated cycle provides a 1 hour equalization charge at the Bulk Voltage level to

boil the battery. This removes the sulfate build-up on the battery plates, and is used only on

flooded lead acid batteries. Refer to the battery manufacturer for frequency recommendations.

WARNING: DO NOT USE WITH SEALED OR LEAD CALCIUM MAINTENANCE FREE BATTERIES.

The Equalization Charge Cycle is initiated by switching Program Switch 3 from OFF to the ON position.

The Equalize Cycle is automatically terminated after 1 hour. The Equalize Cycle will be manually

terminated by turning the Program Switch 3 to the OFF position or by turning the Main ON/OFF Switch

OFF or by turning shore power OFF.

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